Jooyung Lee is a senior economist at the Bank of Korea Economic Research Institute (BOKERI). He holds a PhD in real estate economics and an MA in economics. His main research interests are informal finance, real estate and population in North Korea. He focuses on statistical measurements of economic activities in North Korea based on the results of North Korean defector surveys and in accordance with internationally accepted standards or guidelines. He has published articles in several journals, including The International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, Journal of Economic Development, East Asian Economic Review, and Analyses & Alternatives.